Evaluating the Efficacy of Alternative Methodologies to EU and UN SDG Air-Pollution Indicators

Abstract

Air pollution and air quality are major issues concerning a big part of Earth’s population. In order to address these issues, among others, a global agenda called “Sustainable Development Goals “was established. Under goal 11.6.2 lies a target that implies that countries should reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management. Two approaches by the UN and Eurostat have created two similar indictors, the UN SDG 11.6.2 and the Eurostat sdg_11_50. Both of them examine the annual mean levels of fine particulate matter and are population weighted. Since these approaches are sensitive to the definition of the city, SMURBS suggests a different approach to the indicator, combining EO data and in situ measurements and using objective city definitions. As a result, two indicators arise, using the SMURBS UC approach and the SMURBS FUA approach. The purpose of this study is to test if the SMURBS indicators provide a sufficient alternative approach to the SDG 11.6.2 indicator, and Eurostat sdg_11_50, focusing on European countries and how these are affected by different city definitions. At the first chapter we begin by defining air pollution, its sources and what Particulate Matter is. At the second chapter we explore the Global and European policy against air pollution, mentioning the Sustainable Development goals and the Guidelines. At the third chapter we analyze Global and European monitoring and reporting on the indicator 11.6.2, by diving into UN, Eurostat and SMURBS approach. At the fourth chapter we present the Methodology that was used in order to examine the approaches, using statistical tests and a study based upon the Charts and at the final chapter, our conclusion from this study is presented.